Target Words 1. combustion
2. component
3. convey 4. discretely 5. nucleus 6. permeate
7. rotate 8. solar 9. source 10. trigger
Definitions and Samples
1. combustion n. The process of burning
When air quality is poor, combustion of materials in a fireplace is
prohibited.
2. component n. One part of a system or whole
Their home theater system has a number of separate components.
3. convey v. To transport from one place to another; to transmit or make
known
A messenger conveyed the prince’s letter to the commander of the army.
The worst part about being a doctor was when she had to convey bad news to a family.
4. discretely adv. Separately; distinctly In order to understand how the engine worked, each component needed to be studied discretely.
5. nucleus n. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered; a core The nucleus of many European cities is the town square.
6. permeate v. To spread or flow throughout; to pass through or penetrate
The smell of cooking permeated the entire apartment building.
7. rotate v. To turn around; to take turns in sequence The planet rotates on its axis once every 14 Earth days. The children rotate classroom responsibilities on a weekly basis.
8. solar adj. Of, or relating to, the sun The ancient society kept time with a solar calendar.
9. source n. The point of origin or creation
The reporter was unable to identify the source of the information for his story.
10. trigger v. To set-off or initiate
I was certain any mention of politics would trigger a big argument.
TOEFL Prep I
Complete each sentence by selecting the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word only once. combustion convey permeate source trigger
It is often difficult to __________ the meaning of a poem to a large audience.
The __________ of the gossip was someone inside this office.
Her bad mood that day __________ the atmosphere in the laboratory.
The internal __________ engine revolutionized the way automobiles run.
A cigarette __________ the explosion.
TOEFL Prep II
Match the word that is closest in meaning to each word or phrase in the right-hand column. 1. rotate (a) separately, as an individual part 2. solar (b) spin on an axis 3. component (c) sun
4. discretely (d) center
5. nucleus (e) part TOEFL Success
Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.
Most of the electricity in the United States is produced in steam turbines. There are many discrete steps in this process. In a steam turbine, combustion of coal, petroleum, or natural gas heats water to make steam. The steam rotates a shaft that is connected to a generator that produces electricity. Finally, that electricity is converted by a transformer and conveyed from the turbine to its place of use. Many sources can provide energy to heat the water in a steam turbine. Coal is primary, producing 51 percent of the country’s electricity. Another common way to heat water for steam turbines is through nuclear power. In nuclear fission, atoms of uranium fuel are hit by neutrons, triggering a continuous chain of fission that releases heat. In 2001, nuclear power generated 21 percent of the electricity in the United States. Solar power produces less than 1 percent of the United States’ electricity needs, because it is not regularly available and harnessing it is more expensive than using fossil fuels. Dependence on electricity permeates daily life in the United States. Still, few people are aware of the many components of electricity production.
1. What does the author say about solar power?
It produces more electricity than any other source.
It is a relatively small source of energy for heating water in steam turbines.
Electricity producers are trying to use it more regularly.
Researchers are trying to make it cheaper to use.
2. In the passage, the word transformer probably refers to a a. truck b. generator that produces electricity
c. type of turbine
d. device that changes electric currents
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